Metabolomic analysis of Viscum album L homeopathic tinctures and antitumor studies in 3D spheroid models

Background The antitumoral efficacy of aqueous Viscum album extracts is attributed to the presence lectins and viscotoxins. However, previous studies demonstrated an activity European V. ethanolic homeopathic tinctures (VAHT) prepared according methodology. Aims To investigate seasonal influences (summer winter) in metabolomic profile ssp. mother evaluate some VAHT 3D tumor spheroid models. Methodology following were by maceration: growing on Malus domestica, Quercus sp. Ulmus sp.; austriacum from Pinus sylvestris; abietis Abies alba. Chemical analyses performed using liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry. Data was submitted multivariate statistical analysis principal component (PCA) Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) Metaboanalyst platform. antitumor potential (0.5% v/v) conducted models (MDA-MB-231 cell line) MTT for 72 hours. Results discussion PCA explained 40% data variation clustered samples into 3 groups, emphasizing chemical similarity between botanical subspecies album. Some key compounds mainly responsible this separation: pinobankasin hexose-pentose (V. abietis); citric acid austriacum); malic album). differences among summer winter samples, detected PLSDA, related host trees. A significant reduction 50% 41% (p